Transportation+and+Weaponry-+Mongols

=__Transportation & Weaponr__y =  By: Greg Chapman

//The Mongols used horses as their main source of transportation//. //These horses were endured in transportation and combat as well//. //The horses made the Mongolian Empire prosper in trade and succeed in conquests.// //Many Mongol warriors were trained with these horses in archery. This led to a advantage in speed, agility, and force.//

(Warning... if the links to the "sources" do not work, try logging into Gale Learning first)

__** Mongols Transp **____** ortation **__: [|source]   #1  - Genghis Khan relied on a communication system to connect his whole empire with supplies and also to give awareness of incoming attacks from nomadic tribes or Siberians. - He installed relay stations across Mongolia so that messages could be safely delivered to different locations. - These relay stations supplied a new horse to the incoming rider so that the process could be a continuing "relay" of delivering news (some messengers had to ride up to 200 miles per day).

** __Mongol Strategy/Tactics__: [|source] ** #1 - They would train by taking an annual hunting expedition. - They would use the method of surrounding game (animals) and slowly reducing their numbers. - This method proved benefitial in battles. - The Mongols had a well trained cavalry that could be mobilized anytime.   - Any man under the age of 60 was obligated to join the army. [|source] #2 - The mounting of dummies on spare horses had the effect of multiplying the apparent army to a much greater size, this would scare off enemies. (PG 76) - The Mongols organized their forces according to a decimal system, with units of 10, 1000 and 10,000. (PG 78) - A popular army structure was called the Tamma system which was a force of contingents put into place to maintain and possibly extend already conquered land. (PG 82) [|source]  #3 - The Mongols' greatest strength was their mobility. - Their two popular attacks would include Hit and run attacks and preliminary arrows showers. - Mongols used to open up their horses veins in the neck and drink blood as their source of food on long travels. [|*]
 * __

Mongol Weaponry __:** [|source] # 1 - Mongolia established their empire through conquest. - Ever since their childhood years, men were trained in archery which was their specialty. - The Mongols main horse was the [|Przevalsky.] [|source] # 2 - In the beginning of the Mongol expansion, the army consisted essentially of light cavalry archers, using standard compound bows of the [|Steppes.] (PG 78) - The bow was made of layers of horn and [|Sinew] on a wooden frame. (PG 78) - This bow needed a stiffer pull, but provided impressive range and power of penetration. It was not until the handgun where penetration and range could be matched. (PG 80)    - In addition to light cavalry archers The Mongols also used some heavy armoured cavalry, equipped with lances. (PG 80) [|source] # 4 - Sinew is 93% more resilient (ability to absorb energy in elastic and store it until released) than rubber. - When the bow is released, only 7% of the power is lost, making it very powerful.

__ Mongol army protocal: __ [|source] #2 - Originally the Mongol soldier received no pay other than booty, which was divided according to fixed principles. (PG 78) - As the Mongols expanded their empire, less plunder was readily available. (PG 78) - Instead, soldiers were paid in other ways such as receiving parts of arable land which would bring produce instead of salary. (PG 78) - Whenever prisoners were taken they were used in either undertaking dangerous siege works or charging against the next city at the front. (PG 81) - Throughout the campaign, Genghis Khan hardly tortured civilians, instead he killed them of left them, But many other Khans loved the art of torture prior to death. (PG 81) - One of The Mongols' main policy was that any city which surrendered without fighting would be spared, but that those who caused the Mongol army to suffer casualties would expect no mercy. (PG 81 )

__Summary of Sources:__

[|source # 1]     Kessler, Adam T. "Genghis Khan: Treasures from Inner Mongolia." __USA Today (Magazine)__ 122.n2588 (May 1994): 52(12). __Educator's Reference Complete__. Gale. Trillium Health Centre. 4 May 2009    http://find.galegroup.com/ips/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC-Documents&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&qrySerId=Locale(en%2C%2C)%3AFQE%3D(ke%2CNone%2C13)mongolian+art%24&sgHitCountType=None&inPS=true&sort=DateDescend&searchType=BasicSearchForm&tabID=T003&prodId=IPS&searchId=R1&currentPosition=3&userGroupName=trillium&docId=A15282531&docType=IAC&contentSet=IAC-Documents

[|source # 2=]

Morgan, David. __The Mongols__. Oxford,UK .Blackwell Publishing, 2nd edition 2007. (Pages 76-81)

http://books.google.ca/books?id=AZdK54YuEPsC&dq=david+morgan+the+mongols&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=_J7_SdOXOZuOMrSQ_NwH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4

[|source # 3]

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 138, 0);"> <span style="display: block; background-color: rgb(255, 138, 0); text-align: center;">  <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; background-color: rgb(255, 138, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">  <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 138, 0);">"The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System.(Brief article)(Book review)." __Publishers Weekly__ 254.17 (April 23, 2007): 43(1). __General Business File ASAP__. Gale. Trillium Health Centre. 4 May 2009    <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 138, 0); text-align: left;"> http://find.galegroup.com/ips/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC-Documents&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&qrySerId=Locale(en%2C%2C)%3AFQE%3D(KE%2CNone%2C17)mongol+art+of+war%24&sgHitCountType=None&inPS=true&sort=DateDescend&searchType=BasicSearchForm&tabID=T003&prodId=IPS&searchId=R10&currentPosition=1&userGroupName=trillium&docId=A162787833&docType=IAC&contentSet=IAC-Documents

[|source # 4=]

"Sinew arrows". Ecomposite. (Web page). "United States International College of Business". August 25, 2003. May 1, 2009.

http://www.ecocomposite.org/agfibers/sinewbow.htm

[|Mongolian Archer Source=]

"http://www.arco-iris.com/George/images/mongol_fulldraw.jpg

BACK TO GREG'S RESEARCH SUMMARY

BACK TO GREG'S HOME

BACK TO MONGOLS HOME

<span style="display: block; font-size: 246%; font-family: 'Monotype Corsiva',Gadget,sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 138, 0); text-align: center;">