fall+notes

=Notes: = Back Home ==Geography == -Located on the northern coast of Africa, west Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Saguntum and several small islands in the Meditaranean -Had many rivers -Some rocky, mountainous terrain -Very humid -Icredible quantities of fish -Almost all territories were coastal regions

Colonies
- Had colonies on the coast of what is now Morocco, -Colony in Libya

Events
-First Punic War (264-241 BC) -Second Punic War (218-201 BC) -Third Punic War (149-146 BC)

Leaders
-Queen Elissa ruled Carthage and was also known as Queen Dido -Hannibal lead Carthge's armies in the second punic war

Military
-Generals were elected by the public -Generals who lost were crucified -The army was composed of citizens until around 300 BC at which point the army was made up of mercenaries and subject peoples -Used Triremes (large warships with bronze rams on the bow) === ===

First Punic war
-264-241 BC["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Started by a three way struggle over Messana between Rome, Carthage and Syracuse["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -The first of 3 Punic wars between Rome and Carthage["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Much of the war was fought at sea<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Rome had very little experience with naval battles, while the carthaginians were masters of the sea because of their trade by sea<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Romans used a device called a corvus to board enemies ships<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Ended with the treaty of Lutatius after Carthage's defeat at the Aegates islands<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Rome lost approximately 700 ships (partialy due to bad weather) and Carthage lost approximately 500<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004]

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Treaty of Lutatius
<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">-Carthage evacuates Sicily and small islands west of it<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Carthage returns their prisoners of war without ransom, while paying large ransoms on their own<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Carthage cannot attack Syracuse or Syracuse's allies<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Carthage pays a heavy sum of money to Rome immediatly and for ten subsequent years<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] ===<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The Second Punic War === <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">-218-201 BC<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Started when Rome demanded Carthage hand over Hannibal for attacking the city of Saguntum, south of the Ebro (It is unlikely that Saguntum had any connection to Rome despite Roman claims)<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Known to the Romans as the The War Against Hannibal<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Hannibal's army was composed of 90,000 infantry, 12,000 cavalry and an unknown number of war elephants<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Most famous Punic war because Hannibal lead Carthage's army (including elephants) over the alps<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Gaulish allies helped Hannibal<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Hannibal won major victories over Rome at the battle of Trebia and Cannae<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Romans used the Fabian strategy, devised by Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, who was apointed dictator of Rome<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Fabian strategy involved avaoiding large battles with Hannibal<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Brought Rome closer to destruction than any other war until the fall of Rome<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004]

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The Third Punic War
<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">-149-146 BC<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Started by Carthage refusing Rome's deman -Last of the wars between Carthage and Rome<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Much smaller war than the two previous ones<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Rome made demands of Carthage and Carthage complied with all of them except their final demand: Push the Carthaginain border back 10 miles and give up the city of Carthage<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Rome besieged the city for 3 years before finally conquering the city<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Even once the Romans got inside the walls there was house to house fighting<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -Carthage was Burned once captured<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -All of the citizens of the city of Carthage where killed or enslaved (mostly killed)<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004] -All remaining Carthaginian territory was siezed by Rome<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004]

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Economy and Agriculture
===<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Trade === <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">-Were master ship builders<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.] -Gained power and infuence through trade<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.] -Traded with the Egyptians, Greeks, North Africans, Italians, Persians, Assyrians, Babylonians<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.] -Main exports where <span style="line-height: 1.6; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica;">silver, <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">lead, ivory and gold, beds and bedding, simple, cheap pottery, jewellery, glassware, wild animals from Africa, fruit and nuts. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.] -Also traded grain, slaves and limestone<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.] -Mined limestone by carving a crevace in the stone then placing wood in the crevace and wetting wood so it expands and cracks the stone

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Agriculture
<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">-Most farmers were poor or slaves -Used plow

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Art, literature, Culture
<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">-Carthage was incredibly wealthy due to their trade in the Mediterranean -There are almost no literary documents surviving, so not much is known about their literature or culture -They were a peacefull people (until the punic wars) -Gained territory through their wealth and cultural influence -Adopted elements of egyptian and Hellenic culture<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.] -City of Carthage thought of as a land of opportunity (many people came to Carthage in search of wealth) -One of the first to use apartment buildings (because of massive population of City of Carthage -Had domestic plumbing before the Romans (sinks, showers, bathtubs)

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Religion
<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">-Had many objects decorated with religious symbols<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.] -Alot of art was associated with religion (sculptures and statues of the gods)<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.] -Adopted elements of Egyptian and Hellenic religion such as their gods and religious practices<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.] -Open to other religions

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Socio-Political Structure
<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">-Every year 2 "suffetes" were elected who were the state's chief administrative officers<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["Background Material on Carthage" <span class="wiki_link_ext">abacus.bates.edu. 21 February 2003 [|http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/Carthage.htm]] -A council of about 30 members made decisions which the suffetes carried out<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["Background Material on Carthage" <span class="wiki_link_ext">abacus.bates.edu. 21 February 2003 [|http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/Carthage.htm]] -The council of 30 was a standing subcommittee of a senate of 300 <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["Background Material on Carthage" <span class="wiki_link_ext">abacus.bates.edu. 21 February 2003 [|http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/Carthage.htm]] -If the council of 30 could not come to an agreement, the issue was passed to the council of 300 <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["Background Material on Carthage" <span class="wiki_link_ext">abacus.bates.edu. 21 February 2003 [|http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/Carthage.htm]] - Council of 104 judges chosen from the senate of 300 by a board of five elected magistrates <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["Background Material on Carthage" <span class="wiki_link_ext">abacus.bates.edu. 21 February 2003 [|http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/Carthage.htm]] -Aristotle admired the Carthaginain political system<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["Background Material on Carthage" <span class="wiki_link_ext">abacus.bates.edu. 21 February 2003 [|http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/Carthage.htm]] -Not a lot of poverty -Poor were looked down apon and shunned -Most rich people were merchants who traded across the Meditaranean

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Works Cited:
<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["The Romans" by Karl Christ, 1984]

[“Phoenicians.” History World. 12 February 2009 []]

["The Romans" by Mary T. Boatwright, 2004]

<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[Tubb, Jonathon N. Phoenicia: History of a Civilization. Watson-Guptill, 2001.]

[“Ancient Greek Civilizations.” E-Museum. May 2 2009 [] ]

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">["Background Material on Carthage" <span class="wiki_link_ext">abacus.bates.edu. 21 February 2003 [|http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/Carthage.htm]]

Back

Home